Sensory-sensitive design is a natural extension of Quinn Evans' broader philosophy of inclusive design. Just as we prioritize removing physical barriers, we also address the often-overlooked sensory challenges that impact how people interact with spaces—because we believe in going above and beyond accessibility mandates to create truly inclusive places.
While sensory-sensitive design creates welcoming environments for everyone, it is particularly important in creating comfortable spaces for neurodiverse individuals, including those with autism or sensory processing disorders. Whether adjusting acoustics to reduce overwhelming noise or introducing tactile elements that engage the sense of touch, we believe every design choice is an opportunity to enhance inclusivity.
Elements of Sensory-Sensitive Design
By considering and including diverse sensory entry points, we can make more equitable places and honor people who experience the world in different ways. That includes:
VISUAL COMFORT AND LIGHTING
Both natural and artificial light must be managed for comfort. In the Heritage Hall project at the Michigan State Capitol, for instance, we included skylights to bring light to an underground space, but we needed to balance light levels and avoid uncomfortable glare (this is also an important element of DeafSpace design). We modeled and site-tested various glass patterns and opacities to ensure optimal lighting that maintains a comfortable environment and avoids damage to exhibits while allowing clear views of the Capitol dome.
TACTILE EXPERIENCES
The sense of touch plays an important role in how we experience spaces, yet it's often overlooked. Sensory-sensitive design considers texture, surface temperature, and ergonomic elements, enhancing both navigation and user engagement. At the Baltimore Museum of Art’s Joseph Education Center we incorporated a Wall of Wonder with tactile and digital displays to ignite young imaginations.
ACOUSTICS
Effective sound management is crucial to avoid distractions or discomfort for people who are sensitive to sound. We use sound-dampening materials, strategic placement of noise sources, and quiet zones to manage sound. This is also important in designing environments that are accessible people who use assistive technologies like hearing aids or cochlear implants, which can over-amplify background noises. For instance, our Living and Learning Residence Hall at Gallaudet University incorporates materials that minimize reverberation.
OLFACTORY CONSIDERATIONS
Smell can subtly shape our experience of a space. We can address this through ventilation, the use of natural materials with neutral or pleasant scents, or even intentional aromas to create specific atmospheres. However, we must also be careful not to over-scent spaces, which can result in overstimulation or trigger asthma symptoms for susceptible individuals.
RESPITE SPACES
Bottlenecks and crowded spaces can cause discomfort for many people. Incorporating quiet zones and areas of respite provides much-needed breathing spaces and enhances the experience of a high-visitorship building. In response to this need, the new Family Care Suite we created as part of the modernization of the National Air and Space Museum includes quiet rooms where visitors can decompress.
Taking a multi-sensory approach to design is a way to consider how our individual perception of light, sounds, textures, and aromas shapes our experience of a building. Considering all of these factors early in the design process helps us create environments that foster more people's emotional connection, cognitive engagement, and overall well-being.
Tools to Support a Multi-Sensory Approach
We use tools like sensory mapping and modeling visitor flow to create a comprehensive picture of how a space will function from a sensory perspective, allowing us to identify areas early in the design process that might cause discomfort or difficulty to visitors.
SENSORY MAPPING
Sensory mapping is the process of documenting and analyzing sensory experiences within a space. It involves:
- Systematically documenting sensory stimuli throughout an environment
- Identifying areas of high sensory input or potential sensory overload
- Mapping out "quiet zones" and areas of sensory respite
- Analyzing how different sensory elements interact
For example, we used sensory mapping in designing the Molina Family Latino Gallery at the National Museum of American History to make decisions about layout, materials, and features that enhance comfort and accessibility for users with diverse sensory processing needs.
We mapped sound sources onto floor plans, identifying potential areas of audio overlap. This informed the strategic placement of directional speakers and handheld audio devices to control sound distribution. Careful consideration was also given to lighting levels to accommodate visitors with various visual sensitivities.
CROWD SIMULATION
Crowd simulation software uses algorithms to model human movement and interaction within a given space, providing valuable insights for designers. We've employed crowd simulation in several projects to improve circulation, reduce bottlenecks, and optimize sensory experiences. This approach helps the museum accommodate visitors with diverse sensory needs, offering both stimulating and calming spaces throughout the facility.
By combining sensory mapping data with crowd simulation models, designers can create more nuanced, inclusive designs that consider the full spectrum of human sensory experiences and needs.
The Importance of Sensory-Sensitive Learning Environments
While we've focused on sensory-sensitive design in public facilities so far, one of its most impactful and rewarding applications is in schools. Sensory-sensitive learning environments are essential for creating inclusive, effective, and supportive spaces that benefit all students—not just those with sensory processing disorders. By reducing distractions and offering calming elements, sensory-sensitive design enhances the learning experience for everyone, fostering better engagement, concentration, and overall well-being.
At the Sheppard Pratt School in Hunt Valley, Maryland, we used soft colors, assorted textures, and soothing patterns that provide variety without overstimulation. Classrooms are zoned to accommodate student-teacher sidebars while minimizing disturbances to other students.
At the Pilot School in Wilmington, Delaware, we incorporated many sensory-sensitive design elements, including:
SPACE FOR DIFFERENCE
We designed the classrooms to be highly adaptable, supporting a wide range of seating types and arrangements. This flexibility allows for individualized learning experiences.
ENHANCED CIRCULATION AND RESPITE
The school features clear circulation patterns with integrated group hubs and individual tranquility spaces. All areas are filled with daylight and connect to the outdoors, reducing sensory overload.
CONNECTIONS TO NATURE
The building extends into its 50-acre site, creating a learning campus that engages with nature. This connection has been shown to improve the academic performance and student health.
Embracing the Power of Sensory-Sensitive Design
From schools and museums to public spaces and workplaces, incorporating sensory-sensitive design principles has the potential to transform how we experience the world around us. At Quinn Evans, we continue to push the boundaries, aiming to create spaces that speak to the full spectrum of human experience. By embracing sensory-sensitive design, we're not just creating better buildings—we’re fostering more inclusive and equitable communities and enhancing the quality of life for all.
